This paper examines in detail the little-known Friday Mosque (masjid-i jāmi‘) of Firdaus, located southwest of the Khurasan, which has had a key role in developing Saljuq Architecture in the area. The original scheme of the mosque was unclear. The lofty īwān and two flanking dome chambers on the west (qibla) side of the courtyard are the central core of the mosque. The main aim of the article is to analyse the Architecture of the mosque and demonstrate its association with the architectural style of the Saljuq mosque in the Khurasan area.  During the conservation and restoration measures in 2006, some fresh materials were unearthed. The new findings shed light on the original features of the mosque and revealed its formation. The paper describes the city's history, defines its architectural characteristics, and then analyses the present information for replying to the research questions. Owing to the outcomes of the archaeological investigation, the study suggests the general scheme of the mosque as a further example of the two- īwān mosque, which may be dated to the late years of the 6th /12th century. Despite the importance of the mosque, no lengthy study has been published about the building. The accurate drawing of the plan and sections of this monument, with the proposal scheme for the reconstruction of the mosque, are being published in this paper for the first time.

Hospital information system, as an integrated system consists of complex, diverse, and heterogeneous information systems, which supports all clinical, administrative, and financial activities of patients,therefore, it faces interoperability problems, which is a critical feature of data sharing and integration. In this regard, a Reference Architecture will be presented for the integration of different systems in the hospital which comprises system, information and software Architecture. This Architecture emphasizes interoperability with eight layers of user interface and application, services, data collection and storage, integration, external application systems, communication and information infrastructure, management, and security/privacy, based on service orientation. It will be evaluated by ATAM method, based on ten scenarios. It shows the presented Architecture will satisfy all functional and non-functional requirements such as interoperability between different information systems, reduction of information redundancy and development cost and time, scalability and accessibility.

Almost all visitors of works of Islamic Architecture agree about a special quality that touched them deep inside in the direct experience of these places. This internal experience of quality, not necessarily restricted to encounters with works of Islamic Architecture, has been rarely discussed and somehow been neglected in general studies or theories of Architecture. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to disambiguate this concept with Reference to Islamic mysticism, and then explain it in the architectural discourse. In this way, it can be stated that a work of Architecture, like all natural and artificial phenomena in the cosmos, is a being of multiple ranks of existence. According to the doctrine of levels of existence (maratib al-wujud), place is an essence that corresponds to rank among levels. The quality and quantity (forma and materia) of place are two complementary aspects of its exterior existence, representing its essential rank. The main point is that between the two exterior aspects of place, quality is higher in rank than quantity, and it is affected by and directly related to its essence. Therefore, we can acknowledge that the deep effect felt in the presence of Islamic architectural works is primarily because of the living essence of these places that would permeate the visitors through the multiple levels of the quality of that place.

Till some years ago, there were still some master builders and masons constructing by the use of traditional building techniques that learnt the skill from their ancestors. These buildings were indeed a good response to residents` spiritual and somatic needs. There buildings are considered as a reflection or presentation of Iranian art parade.The originality concealed in their chronic structures, refer to the tale of Iran's extensive culture. Their pure and innocent nature obviously affected the melodious and decent traditional Architecture. However, with development of industrial productions in Iran, the traditional characteristics disappeared. The change was more in urban areas while rural and remote sites as the case of Loft village remained safe and protected. There, you can still find a continuation of the region architectural style.Thus, this study aims to recognize the main characters of traditional Architecture in the region and the ways to endure it in order to have a more valuable Architecture. To approach the above goal, it is needed for the constructors to be familiar with the regional materials and specialties.This is in indeed important in coastal sites of the Persian Gulf. The research method of this study is descriptive and analytical. Experimental methods are also utilized with particular attention to the climatic characters (muggy weather) of the Loft region.

Today, one of the most important indicators and criteria for evaluating the significance anddetermining the impact of research conducted in the form of research articles andmonographs is the determination of the citation count for these works. The Impact Factor ofan academic journal is a metric that presents and displays the annual average number ofReferences to articles published in that journal, and it is a significant and influential factor inprecisely defining the position and importance of the research and studies in that Reference.This scholarly Reference indicates the complete competence and eligibility of that Referencefor citation in the explanation and analysis of issues, and, more importantly, in the discoveryof solutions in addressing dilemmas and challenges—an aspect that has been deemedreasonable and acceptable in today's world and is one of humanity's most importantachievements in overcoming uncertainties and ambiguities.In this way, we distanced ourselves from those foundations and meanings. Althoughextensive efforts have been made since the Islamic Revolution to revive an art identity basedon tradition, the onslaught from one side and the absence of a coherent artistic school in ourcivilization system have dimmed the intensity of these efforts.Note: The text appears to be discussing the challenges and changes in Iranian Islamic art andthe influence of Western thought and artistic trends on it.This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on well-documented historicalevidence, endeavors to explain of the ontological foundations of art and Architecture, as wellas the unparalleled Reference of Iranian Islamic art and Architecture throughout its history. Itexplains from the standpoint of the worthy and deserving status of this art, whichunfortunately faces serious challenges today. Challenges, of course, can be overcome withcareful planning and scholarly efforts.Keywords: Art; Architecture; Artistic Reference; Necessities and Challenges.

Abstract This research, concerning the effective presence of the concept of affordance in contemporary architectural discourse, addresses the overemphasis placed on practical aspects of the concept of affordance and the ignorance of theoretical thinking about this concept and the inevitable conceptual evolutions which emerge. Consequently, the concept of constraint is going to be introduced and clarified while providing a theoretical basis in Reference to a more developed understanding of the concept of affordance in Architecture.  The research concentrates on explaining a clear ontology and introducing a conceptual structure for the concept of constraint, which leads to a comprehensive typology of architectural constraints. This research is conducted through a qualitative approach and relies on the most recent scientific theories to develop a compatible concept of affordance in Architecture. Furthermore, based on logical thinking and analytical methods the concept of constraint is going to be developed. At the first step the concept of affordance is developed based on the Heideggerian point of view. Consequently, a theoretical basis is established to introduce and clarify the concept of constraint through developing the concept of niche into architectural interaction field. (A.I.F). Then a three-dimensional conceptual structure based on the origin, function and domain of the architectural constraints is organized.The results of this research provide the basic theoretical knowledge required to have a deeper understanding of the two fundamental concepts of contemporary architectural discourse: affordance and constraint. The study confirms the undeniable essential role of constraint in the perception and creation of Architecture. Constraints are the value of the architectural characters, being put by the members of A.I. F. Constraints guarantee the affordances architectural work is going to afford. Consequently, they guarantee the meaning and the truth of Architecture. Thinking on constraint brings about the potential to prove a new perspective in theoretical aspects of architectural knowledge and consequently affects the practice of Architecture. Key words: affordance, constraint, Architecture, Architecture interaction field, niche.Structured Extended AbstractIntroductionAffordance, emerging in the last few decades as a new fundamental concept in architectural discourse, not only addresses the challenges of meaning in Architecture but also offers a new fresh perspective on architectural issues. This new orientation leads to the evolutions in concepts of Architecture: the emergence of the new ones and the reorganization of the current. Identifying these changes can be considered the first basic step forward to guarantee the efficiency and effectiveness of this new concept. This research concerning the fruitful life of the concept of affordance in contemporary architectural discourse addresses the over emphasis placed on practical aspects of this concept and the complete ignorance of theoretical thinking about it. Accordingly, one of the emerging changes in architectural concepts rooted in the presence of affordance, is going to be studied through introducing the concept of constraint being paired with the concept of affordance. To provide a deeper understanding of this emerging concept, the research concentrates on explaining a clear ontology and providing a Conceptual structure for the concept of constraint, which leads to a comprehensive typology of architectural constraints.Research methodThis research is conducted through a qualitative approach and relies on the most recent scientific theories to develop a compatible concept of affordance in Architecture. Furthermore, based on logical thinking and analytical methods the concept of constraint is going to be introduced and clarified.Results and DiscussionAs the first step the concept of affordance is developed based on the Heideggerian point of view, which leads to a more comprehensive and compatible understanding of the concept of affordance in Architecture and the emergence of the concept of architectural interaction field (A.I.F) through developing the concept of niche. Consequently, a theoretical basis is established to introduce the concept of constraint. Then a three-dimensional conceptual structure is organized to provide a more compatible and deeper understanding of the concept of constraint in Architecture.From Gibson point of view, affordance attributes the meaning and the value of Architecture to the action opportunities the work of Architecture offers. It also emphasizes the unique and bilateral relation between each architectural work and its niche. Based on the Heideggerian relational ontology the concept of niche could be developed into a world that each architectural work contains. the world which could be called architectural interaction field (A.I.F). A.I.F is a network of relations and interactions bearing the meaning of that architectural work. A.I.F contains all the ways in which Architecture interacts with its addresses both human and non-human and contains the structured set of affordances it affords for them.Each specific work of Architecture is created to offer a set of main and fundamental affordances satisfying the specific hierarchy of needs of the users of that architectural work, which requires many sets of supporting human and non-human affordances to be offered, and a set of many relations between A.I.F characters to be established. The A.I.F characters can be classified as inside and outside characters in terms of belonging to the work of Architecture. Inside characters are related to architectural elements and their properties, and outside characters are of human, nature, space, time, or human-made objects. To afford affordances architectural characters should have been subject to the constraints of A.I.F members. Constraints guarantee the affordances. They place value on the architectural characters. they determine the essential or desirable properties or relations. In this research based on three aspects of constraints including their function, domain and origin, a three-dimensional structure is introduced. The conceptual structure clarifies the typology of the constraints in Architecture and develops a deeper understanding of constraints. In terms of origin two types of constraint is recognized: interior and exterior. Interior constraints are the ones generated from within architectural characters while the exterior constraints generate from human, nature, place, time, or human-made objects. Constraints place the value of architectural elements including mass and space characters in three different scales by determining their physical/constructional, functional, and symbolic/meaningful properties and relations.Conclusionthe results of this research provide the basic theoretical knowledge required to have a deeper understanding of the two fundamental concepts of contemporary architectural discourse: affordance and constraint. This study confirms the undeniable essential role of constraint in the perception and creation of Architecture. Constraints are the value of the architectural characters, being put by the members of A.I. F. Constraints guarantee the affordances architectural work is going to afford. Consequently, they guarantee the meaning and the truth of Architecture. Thinking on constraint brings about the potential to prove a new perspective in theoretical aspects of architectural knowledge and consequently affects the practice of Architecture.

Nowadays, smart home is considered one of the most important applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) which provides efficiency, home security, energy & cost saving to everyone’ s life. Despite the advantages of this technology, privacy and security concerns require more considerations. IoT-A is considered in this paper as a Reference Architecture that follows evaluating protocols, making sure from the consistency of things and protocols, and providing a comprehensive solution for different applications of IoT. This paper works on IoT-A and targets this challenge in IoT and smart home, and proposes a security Architecture to improve security in all levels including design, implementation, and protocols. This paper uses the term Security Framework as a way to identify all technologies, procedures, software, and other components for providing security in smart homes. At first, this paper studies all vulnerabilities and threats of the Reference Architecture, and then propose an improved model to satisfy all security requirements. The proposed model reasonably satisfies all security and privacy requirements of smart homes based on IoT-A.